Fungal nail infection (onychomycosis) Definition ,Causes and Treatment

Definition
Onychomycosis is infection of the nails of the fingers or toes caused by dermatophytes (fungi that live on the outer keratinous layer of the skin), yeasts or
moulds.

Ingrown toenail Causes and Symptoms

Causes
The main cause is poor cutting of the nail. Creating sharp corners, trimming too closely to the skin, or leaving outer edges with a ragged finish can allow the nail to grow into the skin, setting up soreness and inflammation (paronychia) which may then become infected.

Bunions Definition,Causes,symptoms and Treatment

Definition
A bunion is an enlargement of the first metatarsal phalangeal joint on the outside of the large toe.
 The deviation of the joint is known as hallux valgus.

Hard and soft corns and calluses Definition,Causes and treatment

Definition

Corns and calluses are variously known as hyperkeratosis, clavus, heloma and tyloma, but all essentially describe the same condition – a local thickening of the epidermis as a result of intermittent pressure meeting with constant resistance over some bony prominence on the foot

Athlete’s foot Causes and Treatment

Tinea pedis (athlete’s foot) is a topical fungal infection of the spaces between the toes.


Causes
- Athlete’s foot is the commonest of a group of topical fungal infections caused by dermatophytes, organisms that invade and proliferate on the outermost horny layer (stratum corneum) of the skin, hair and nails. 

Dry eyes Causes and Treatment

Dry eye (keratoconjunctivitis sicca) is a chronic condition characterised
by dryness of the surface of the eye. 

Sore and tired eyes causes and treatment

Redness and mild irritation in the eyes can be caused by activities such as
driving and close work, and environmental pollutants, including tobacco
smoke.

Otitis Externa definition ,causes and treatment

Definition
Otitis externa is inflammation of the external auditory canal.

Ear wax Causes and Treatment

Causes
- Cerumen (ear wax) is an oily fluid produced in the ear. It combines with
exfoliated skin cells to form a protective waxy layer. In some people excessively
sticky cerumen is produced that cannot be removed by the normal natural
processes, and a waxy plug forms that causes discomfort and can affect hearing.

Earache Causes and Treatment

Causes
- In adults, earache may sometimes be associated with an upper respiratory
tract infection and, as long as the pain is not severe, can be treated with oral
analgesics for up to 48 hours, before referral if the condition does not improve.

Medications used to treat migraine

Migraine can often be treated with paracetamol, ibuprofen or aspirin alone, or
with combination products containing them. There are also some non-prescription
medicines specifically licensed for the treatment of migraine. One such is a coformulation
of paracetamol, codeine and the antihistamine buclizine, included for
its antiemetic action. Other specific migraine treatments are reviewed below.

Medication used to preven and treat motion sickness

- Sedating antihistamines and hyoscine are licensed for use without prescription
for prophylaxis and treatment of motion sickness. They appear to be of more or
less equivalent efficacy
- They are effective for prevention, but use for treatment is often unsuccessful as
vomiting and gastric stasis prevent or substantially reduce their absorption

Motion sickness Definition,Causes,Signs and Treatment

seasickness

Definition
 Motion sickness is a form of vertigo in which autonomic symptoms predominate.

Stroke Definition,Causes,Symptoms and Emergency aid

Definition

  death of brain cells as a result of interruption of blood flow to them, causing permanent disability

Heart failure Defenition,Causes,Symptoms and Emergency aid

Defenition

HF describes a usually gradual weakening in heart tissue and a decline in its

ability to perform its function to pump blood around the body

Angina pectoris Causes,Types,Symptoms and Emergency aid

Causes

Angina occurs when myocardial demand for oxygen exceeds the ability of the-

coronary arteries to supply oxygenated blood. The cause is usually coronary

artery obstruction due to atherosclerosis

Myocardial infarction Definition,Causes,Symptoms and Emergency aid

Myocardial infarction (MI, heart attack)
Definition

MI is essentially the death of myocardial tissue